Clinical references used on herbal information

In compiling the herbal encyclopedia, as well as putting together information for the product pages, as well as other pages, on this website, we used various monograms and reference books.

clinical references

GENERAL REFERENCES

Apart from our general references above, we also made use of the following specific references, pursuant to specific herbs.

We also have references pertaining to stretch marks - striae.

Please note that the information on this website is for general information only, and must not be used to treat or diagnose any medical conditions, and has not been reviewed or approved by any medical authority. Should you have a health condition, please refer and discuss it to your medical practitioner.

Almond oil

  1. Materie Medicale, Paris R, Moyse H. - Ed. Masson ( 20 Ed.)
  2. Elementi Di Fitocosmesi, Proserpio G, Martelli A, Patri G.F.- Ed. Seppem (1983)
  3. Flora Española Medicinal y Aromatica, Montero A., - Ed. Valeriano Campesino (1944)
  4. Bioquimica De Los Lipidos, Santos Ruiz A. - Ed. Aguila (1950)

Aloe vera

  1. Hirschmann, RF et col., J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 91, 507 (1969).
  2. Waller, GR; Mangiafico, S., Proc. Alka. Acad. Sci. 58, 69-76 (1978).
  3. Brezhinskaia, V; Kondratenko, P., Proc. Indian Nat.l. Sci. Acad. Part B, 42 (4-5) (1976).
  4. Hirata T; Saga T., Z. Naturforsch, 32 (9-10), 731-4 (1977).
  5. Rovatti, B; Brennan, R.J., Indus. Med. and Surg. 28 (8), 364-8 (1959).
  6. Zawahry, E; Hegazy, MR; Helal, M., Int. J. Dermatol. 12 (1), 68-73 (1973).

Angelica root

  1. Braun, R. et al. 1997. Standardzulassungen für Fertigarzneimittel—Text and Kommentar. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  2. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). 1983. Keighley, U.K.: British Herbal Medicine Association.
  3. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). 1996. Exeter, U.K.: British Herbal Medicine Association.
  4. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.
  5. Budavari, S. (ed.). 1996. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, N.J.: Merck & Co, Inc. 109.
  6. Bundesanzeiger (BAnz). 1998. Monographien der Kommission E (Zulassungs- und Aufbereitungskommission am BGA für den humanmed. Bereich, phytotherapeutische Therapierichtung und Stoffgruppe). Köln: Bundesgesundheitsamt (BGA).
  7. Deutscher Arzneimittel-Codex (DAC). 1986. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  8. Deutsches Arzneibuch, 10th ed., 2nd suppl. (DAB 10). 1993. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  9. Deutsches Arzneibuch der Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DAB-DDR). 1983. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.
  10. Grieve, M. 1979. A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
  11. Harada, M., M. Suzuki, Y. Ozaki. 1984. Effect of Japanese Angelica root and peony root on uterine contraction in the rabbit in situ. J Pharmacobiodyn 7(5):304–311.
  12. Härmälä, P., H. Vuorela, K. Tornquist, R. Hiltunen. 1992. Choice of solvent in the extraction of Angelica archangelica roots with reference to calcium blocking activity. Planta Med 58(2):176–183.
  13. Karnick, C.R. 1994. Pharmacopoeial Standards of Herbal Plants, Vol. 1. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications. 11–12.
  14. Lange, D. and U. Schippmann. 1997. Trade Survey of Medicinal Plants in Germany—A Contribution to International Plant Species Conservation. Bonn: Bundesamt für Naturschutz. 32.
  15. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 32–34.
  16. McGuffin, M., C. Hobbs, R. Upton, A. Goldberg. 1997. American Herbal Product Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 10.
  17. Meyer-Buchtela, E. 1999. Tee-Rezepturen—Ein Handbuch für Apotheker und Ärzte. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  18. Newall, C.A., L.A. Anderson, J.D. Phillipson. 1996. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press. 28–29.
  19. Opdyke, D.L.J. 1975. Angelica root oil. Food Cosmet Toxicol 13(suppl.):713.
  20. Österreichisches Arzneibuch, 1st suppl. (ÖAB). 1983. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei.
  21. Österreichisches Arzneibuch (ÖAB). 1991. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei.
  22. Reiter, M. and W. Brandt. 1985. Relaxant effects on tracheal and ileal smooth muscles of the guinea pig. Arnzeimforsch 35(1A):408–414.
  23. Schilcher, H. 1997. Phytotherapy in Paediatrics: Handbook for Physicians and Pharmacists . Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. 48.
  24. Weiss, R.F. 1988. Herbal Medicine. Beaconsfield, England: Beaconsfield Publishers. 46–47.
  25. Wichtl, M. and N.G. Bisset (eds.). 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. 70–72.
  26. Wren, R.C. 1988. Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. Essex: The C.W. Daniel Company Ltd.
  27. British Pharmaceutical Codex (BPC). 1934. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
  28. Salikhova, R.A., Sh.N. Dulatova, G.G. Poroshenko. 1993. Izuchenie antimutagennykh svoistv dudnika lekarstvennogo (Angelica archangelica L.) mikroiadernym testom [Study of the antimutagenic properties of Angelica archangelica by the micronucleus test]. Biull Eksp Biol Med 115(4):371–372.
  29. Salikhova, R.A. and G.G. Poroshenko. 1995. Antimutagennye svoistva dudnika lekarstvennogo [Antimutagenic properties of Angelica archangelica L]. Vestn Ross Akad Med Nauk (1):58-61.
  30. Wichtl, M. (ed.). 1989. Teedrogen, 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft.

Artichoke

  1. Adzet, T. et al. 1987. Action of an artichoke extract against CC14-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Acta Pharm Jugosl 37:183–187.
  2. Bianchini, F. and F. Corbetta. 1977. Health Plants of the World—Atlas of Medicinal Plants. New York: Newsweek Books.
  3. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). 1996. Exeter, U.K.: British Herbal Medicine Association.
  4. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.
  5. Budavari, S. (ed.). 1996. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, N.J.: Merck & Co, Inc. 467-468.
  6. Bundesanzeiger (BAnz). 1998. Monographien der Kommission E (Zulassungs- und Aufbereitungskommission am BGA für den humanmed. Bereich, phytotherapeutische Therapierichtung und Stoffgruppe). Köln: Bundesgesundheitsamt (BGA).
  7. Grieve, M. 1971. A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publications, Inc. 60.
  8. Hänsel, R., K. Keller, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (eds.). 1992–1994. Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5th ed. Vol. 4–6. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.
  9. Iwu, M.M. 1993. Handbook of African Medicinal Plants. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 167–168.
  10. Kirchhoff, R. et al. 1994. Increase in choleresis by means of artichoke extract. Phytomedicine 1:107–115.
  11. Kraft, K. 1997. Artichoke leaf extract—recent findings reflecting effects on lipid metabolism, liver, and gastrointestinal tracts. Phytomedicine 4(4):369–378.
  12. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 42–44.
  13. Lietti, A. 1977. Choleretic and cholesterol lowering properties of two artichoke extracts. Fitoterapia (48):153-158.
  14. Maros T, G. Racz, B. Katonai, V.V. Kovacs. 1966. Wirkungen der Cynara scolymus -Extrakte auf die Regeneration der Rattenleber [Effects of Cynara scolymus extracts on the regeneration of rat liver. 1]. Arzneimforsch 16(2):127–129.
  15. Meyer-Buchtela, E. 1999. Tee-Rezepturen—Ein Handbuch für Apotheker und Ärzte. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  16. Newall, C.A., L.A. Anderson, J.D. Phillipson. 1996. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press. 37–38.
  17. Schilcher, H. 1997. Phytotherapy in Paediatrics: Handbook for Physicians and Pharmacists. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. 45–46.

Asparagus

  1. Boik, J. 1995. Cancer and Natural Medicine: A Textbook of Basic Science and Clinical Research. Princeton, Minnesota: Oregon Medical Press.
  2. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants . Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.
  3. Dalvi, S.S., P.M. Nadkarni, K.C. Gupta. 1990. Effect of Asparagus racemosus (Shatavari) on gastric emptying time in normal healthy volunteers. J Postgrad Med 36(2):91–94.
  4. Hamilton, E.M.N. and E.N. Whitney. 1982. Nutrition: Concepts and Controversies, 2nd ed. New York: West Publishing.
  5. Huang, K.C. 1993. The Pharmacology of Chinese Herbs. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  6. Lad, V. and D. Frawley. 1986. The Yoga of Herbs. Sante Fe, N.M.: Lotus Press.
  7. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  8. Mitchell, S.C., R.H. Waring, D. Land, W.V. Thorpe. 1987. Odorous urine following Asparagus ingestion in man. Experientia 43(4):382–383.
  9. Mitsuoka, T., H. Hidaka, T. Eida. 1987. Effect of fructo-oligosaccharides on intestinal microflora. Nahrung 31(5–6):427–436.
  10. Rege, N.N. et al. 1989. Immunotherapeutic modulation of intraperitoneal adhesions by Asparagus racemosus . J Postgrad Med 35(4):199–203.
  11. Shao, Y. et al. 1996. Anti-tumor activity of the crude saponins obtained from asparagus . Cancer Lett 104(1):31–36.
  12. Stecher, P.G. (ed.). 1968. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals and Drugs, 8th ed. Rahway, N.J.: Merck & Co., Inc.
  13. Stephens, J.M. 1994. Asparagus—Asparagus officinalis L. Fact Sheet HS-546, Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extention Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida.
  14. Thatte, U.M. and S.A. Dahanukar. 1988. Comparative study of immunomodulating activity of Indian medicinal plants, lithium carbonate and glucan. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 10(10):639–644.
  15. Wren, R.C. 1988. Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. Essex: The C.W. Daniel Company Ltd.

Bilberry

  1. Anderhuber, R. 1991. Vaccinium myrtillus . Aust J Med Herbalism 3:13–14.
  2. Azar, M., E. Verette, S. Brun. 1987. Identification of some phenolic compounds in bilberry juice Vaccinium myrtillus. J Food Sci 52(5):1255–1257.
  3. Barrette, E.P. 1999. Bilberry fruit extract for night vision. Alternative Medicine Alert™ 2(2):20–21.
  4. Bone, K. and M. Morgan. 1997. Bilberry—The Vision Herb. MediHerb Professional Review 59:1–4.
  5. Braun, R. et al. 1997. Standardzulassungen für Fertigarzneimittel—Text and Kommentar. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  6. Bravetti, G. 1989. Preventive medical treatment of senile cataract with vitamin E and anthocyanosides: clinical evaluation. Ann Ottalmol Clin Ocul 115:109.
  7. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.
  8. Bundesanzeiger (BAnz). 1998. Monographien der Kommission E (Zulassungs- und Aufbereitungskommission am BGA für den humanmed. Bereich, phytotherapeutische Therapierichtung und Stoffgruppe). Köln: Bundesgesundheitsamt (BGA).
  9. Caselli, L. 1985. Studio clinico ed elettroretinografico sull'attivita degli antocianosidi [Clinical and electroretinographic study on activity of anthocyanosides]. Arch Med Int (Parma) 37:29–35.
  10. Cluzel, C., P. Bastide, P. Tronche. 1969. [Phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities of the retina and anthocyanoside extracts from Vaccinium myrtillus (study in vitro and in vivo )] [In French]. C R Seances Soc Biol Fil 163(1):147–150.
  11. Colantuoni, A., S. Bertuglia, M.J. Magistretti, L. Donato. 1991. Effects of Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides on arterial vasomation. Arzneimforsch 41(9):905–909.
  12. Cunio, L. 1993. Vaccinium myrtillus . Aust J Med Herbalism 5(4):81–85.
  13. Deutscher Arzneimittel-Codex (DAC). 1986. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  14. Ferretti, C., M.J. Magistretti, A. Robotti, P. Ghi, E. Genazzani. 1988. Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides are inhibitors of cAMP and cGMP phosphodiesterases. Pharm Res Comm 20(11):150.
  15. Fiorini, G., A. Biancacci, F.M. Graziano. 1965. Modificazioni perimetriche ed adattometriche dopo ingestione di mirtillina associata a beta-carotene [Perimetric and adaptometric modifications after ingestion of myrtillin associated with beta-carotene]. Ann Ottalmol Clin Ocul 91(6):371–386.
  16. Foster, S. 1996. Bilberry: A Long History. Health Food Business. August 1996: 40.
  17. Friedrich, V.H. and J. Schönert. 1973. Untersuchungen über einige Inhaltsstoffe der Blätter und Früchte von Vaccinium myrtillus [Phytochemical investigation of leaves and fruits of Vaccinium myrtillus ]. Planta Med 24(1):90–100.
  18. German Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia (GHP). 1993. Translation of the Deutsches Homöopathisches Arzneibuch (HAB 1), 1st ed., 5th suppl. 1991. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag. 383–384.
  19. Ghiringhelli, C., F. Gregoratti, F. Marastoni. 1978. Attivita capillarotrop di antocianosidi and alto dosaggio nella stasi da flebopatia [Capillarotropic activity of anthocyanosides in high doses in phlebopathic statis]. Minerva Cardioangiol 26(4):255–276.
  20. Grieve, M. 1979. A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
  21. Hänsel, R., K. Keller, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (eds.). 1992–1994. Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5th ed. Vol. 4–6. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag.
  22. Jayle, G.E. and L. Aubert. 1964. [Action des glucosides d'anthocyanes sur la vision scotopique et mesopique du sujet normal] [In French]. Therapie 19:171.
  23. Jayle, G.E. et al. 1965. [Study concerning the action of anthocyanoside extracts of Vaccinium Myrtillus on night vision] [In French]. Ann Ocul (Paris) 198(6):556–562.
  24. Lagrue, G. et al. 1979. Pathology of the microcirculation in diabetes and alterations of the biosynthesis of intracellular matrix molecules. Front Matrix Biol S Karger 7:324–325.
  25. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 84–85.
  26. Lietti, A., A. Cristoni, M. Picci. 1976. Studies on Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides. I. Vasoprotective and antiinflammatory activity. Arzneimforsch 26(5):829–832.
  27. Meyer-Buchtela, E. 1999. Tee-Rezepturen—Ein Handbuch für Apotheker und Ärzte. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  28. Morazzoni, P. and E. Bombardelli. 1996. Vaccinium myrtillus L. Fitoterapia 67(1):3–29.
  29. Neumann, L. 1971. Therapeutische Versuche mit Anthozyanosiden bei Langzeitbehandlungen in der Augenheilkunde [In German]. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 158:592–597.
  30. Österreichisches Arzneibuch, 1st suppl. (ÖAB). 1983. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei.
  31. Österreichisches Arzneibuch (ÖAB). 1991. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei.
  32. Pennarola, R. et al. 1980. The therapeutic action of the anthocyanosides in microcirculatory changes due to adhesive-induced polyneuritis. Gazz Med Ital 139:485–491.
  33. Perossini, M. et al. 1987. Diabetic and hypertensive retinopathy therapy with Vaccinium myrtillus anthocyanosides (Tegens): Double blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Ann Ottalmol Clin Ocul 113:1173.
  34. Pharmacopoeia Helvetica, 7th ed. Vol. 1–4. (Ph.Helv.VII). 1987. Bern: Office Central Fédéral des Imprimés et du Matériel.
  35. Pizzorno, J.E. and M.T. Murray. 1992. A Textbook of Natural Medicine. Seattle, WA: Bastyr University Publications.
  36. Politzer, M. 1977. [Experiences in the medical treatment of progressive myopia] [In German]. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 171(4):616–619.
  37. Regtop, H. 1998. Age related macular degeneration. Aust J Med Herbalism 10(2):38–45.
  38. Scharrer, A. and M. Ober. 1981. Anthocyanoside in der Behandlung von Retinopathien [Anthocyanosides in the treatment of retinopathies] [In German]. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd 178(5):368–389.
  39. Sevin, R. and J.F. Cuendet. 1966. Effets d'une association d'anthocyanosides de myrtille et de beta-carotene sur la resistance capillaire des diabetiques [In French]. Ophthalmologica 152:109–117.
  40. Tyler, V.E. 1994. Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press.
  41. Wichtl, M. and N.G. Bisset (eds.). 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers. 351–352.
  42. Wichtl, M. 1996. Monographien—Kommentar. In: Braun, R. et al. 1997. Standardzulassungen für Fertigarzneimittel—Text and Kommentar. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  43. Zavarise, G. 1968. Sull'effetto del trattamento prolungato con antocianosidi sul senso luminoso [Effect of prolonged treatment with anthocyanosides on light senstivity]. Ann Ottalmol Clin Ocul 94(2):209–214.

Birch

  1. Tan Y, Yu R and Pezzutio J M, Betulinic acid - induced programmed cell death in human melanoma cells involves mitogen - activated protein kinase activation., Clin Cancer Res. 2003 J: 9 (7): 2866 - 75

Black Cohosh

  1. Beuscher, N. 1995. Cimicifuga racemosa L.—Black Cohosh. Z Phytotherapie 16:301–310.
  2. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.
  3. Daiber, W. 1983. Climacteric Complaints: success without using hormones. Ärztliche Praxis 35:1946–1947.
  4. Duke, J.A. 1985. Handbook of Medicinal Herbs . Boca Raton: CRC Press. 120–121.
  5. Düker E-M, L. Kopanski, H. Jarry, W. Wuttke. 1991. Effects of extracts from Cimicifuga racemosa on gonadotropin release in menopausal women and ovariectomized rats. Planta Med 57:420–424.
  6. Einer-Jensen, N., J. Zhao, K.P. Andersen, K. Kristoffersen. 1996. Cimicifuga and Melbrosia lack oestrogenic effects in mice and rats. Maturitas 25:149–153.
  7. Farnsworth, N.R. 1999. Personal communication to Mark Blumenthal, May 24.
  8. Felter, H.W. 1922. The Eclectic Materia Medica, Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Cincinnati, OH: Eclectic Medical Publications.
  9. Foster, S. 1999. Black Cohosh, Cimicifuga racemosa —A Literature Review. HerbalGram 46:35–50.
  10. Genazzani, E. and L. Sorrentino. 1962. Vascular action of acteina: active constituent of Actaea racemosa L. Nature 194:544–545.
  11. Gruenwald, J. 1998. Standardized black cohosh (Cimicifuga ) extract clinical monograph. Quarterly Rev Nat Med Summer:117–125.
  12. Lehmann-Willenbrock, E. and H.-H. Riedel. 1988. Clinical and endocrinologic examinations concerning therapy of climacteric symptoms following hysterectomy with remaining ovaries. Zentralbl Gynakol 110:611–618.
  13. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  14. Liske, E. and P. Wüstenberg. 1999. Efficacy and safety of phytomedicines for gynecologic disorders with particular reference to Cimicifuga racemosa and Hypericum perforatum. 1st Asian-European Congress on Menopause. Bangkok, Thailand, Jan. 26–31.
  15. Liske, E. and P. Wüstenberg. 1998. Therapy of climacteric complaints with Cimicifuga racemosa: herbal medicine with clinically proven evidence. Menopause 5(4):250.
  16. Liske, E., P. Wüstenberg, N. Boblitz. 1998. Human-pharmacological investigations during treatment of climacteric complaints with Cimicifuga racemosa (Remifemin® ): No estrogen-like effects. 5th International ESCOP Symposium, London, Oct. 15–16.
  17. Murray, M. 1997. Remifemin: Answers to some common questions. Am J Nat Med 4(3):3–5.
  18. Pethö, A. 1987. Menopausal complaints: Change-over of a hormone treatment to a herbal gynecological remedy practicable? Ärztl Praxis 47:1551–1553.
  19. Snow, J.M. 1996. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. (Ranunculaceae). Protocol J Botanical Med 1(4):17–19.
  20. Stoll, W. 1987. Phytopharmacon influences atrophic vaginal epithelium: Double blind-study—cimicifuga vs. estrogenic substances. Therapeuticum 1:23–31.
  21. Stolze, H. 1982. An alternative to treat menopausal complaints. Gyne 1:14–16.
  22. Vorberg, G. 1984. Treatment of menopause symptoms—Successful hormone-free therapy with Remifemin® . ZFA 60:626–629.
  23. Warnecke, G. 1985. Influencing Menopausal Symptoms with a Phytotherapeutic Agent: Successful therapy with Cimicifuga mono-extract. Med Welt 36:871–874.
  24. Baillie, N. and P. Rasmussen. 1997. Black and blue cohosh in labour. N Z Med J 110(1036):20–21.
  25. British Herbal Pharmacopoeia (BHP). 1983. Keighley: British Herbal Medicine Association.
  26. Foster, S. and J.A. Duke. 1990. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants: Eastern and Central North America . Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.
  27. Jarry, H., G. Harnischfeger, E. Duker. 1985. Untersuchungen zur endokrinen wirksamkeit von inhaltsstoffen aus Cimicifuga racemosa 2. In-vitro- bindung von inhaltsstoffen an östrogenrezeptoren [The endocrine effects of constituents of Cimicifuga racemosa. 2. In vitro binding of constituents to estrogen receptors]. Planta Med (4):316–319.
  28. Lieberman, S. 1998. A review of the effectiveness of Cimicifuga racemosa (black cohosh) for the symptoms of monopause. J Womens Health 7(5):525–529.
  29. Liske, E. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of Cimicifuga racemosa for gynecological disorders. Adv Ther 15(1):45–53.
  30. McGuffin, M., C. Hobbs, R. Upton, A. Goldberg. 1997. American Herbal Product Association's Botanical Safety Handbook . Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  31. Resing, K. and A. Fitzgerald. 1978. Crystal data for 15-o- acetylacerinol and two related triterpenes isolated from Japanese Cimicifuga plants. J Appl Cryst (11):58.
  32. Wren, R.C. 1988. Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. Essex: The C.W. Daniel Company Ltd.

Boldo

  1. Backhouse, N. et al. 1994. Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of boldine. Agents Actions 42(3–4):114–117.
  2. Bastien, J.W. 1987. Healers of the Andes—Kallaway Herbalists and Their Medicinal Plants. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
  3. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.
  4. Gore, R. 1997. The most ancient Americans. National Geographic 192(4):98–99.
  5. Gotteland, M., J. Espinoza, B. Cassels, H. Speisky. 1995. [Effect of a dry boldo extract on oro-cecal intestinal transit in healthy volunteers] [In Spanish]. Rev Med Chil 123(8):955–960.
  6. Lanhers, M.C. et al. 1991. Hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of a traditional medicinal plant of Chile, Peumus boldus . Planta Med 57(2):110–115.
  7. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  8. Montoya-Cabrera, M.A. et al. 1996. Fatal poisoning caused by oil of epazote, Chenopodium graveolens . Gac Med Mex 132(4):433–437.
  9. Newall, C.A., L.A. Anderson, J.D. Phillipson. 1996. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
  10. Schulz, V., R. Hänsel, V.E. Tyler. 1998. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physicians' Guide to Herbal Medicine. New York: Springer.
  11. Tyler, V.E. 1994. Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press.
  12. Wichtl, M. and N.G. Bisset (eds.). 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers.

Bromelain

  1. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.
  2. Castell, J.V., G. Friedrich, C.S. Kuhn, G.E. Poppe. 1997. Intestinal absorption of undegraded proteins in men: presence of bromelain in plasma after oral intake. Am J Physiol 273(1 Pt. 1):G139–146.
  3. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  4. Mynott, T.L., S. Guandalini, F. Raimondi, A. Fasano. 1997. Bromelain prevents secretion caused by Vibrio cholerae and Escherichia coli enterotoxins in rabbit ileum in vitro. Gastroenterol 113(1):175–184.
  5. Samuelsson, G. 1992. Drugs of Natural Origin: A Textbook of Pharmacognosy. Stockholm: Sweden Pharmaceutical Press.
  6. Schulz, V., R. Hänsel, V.E. Tyler. 1998. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physicians' Guide to Herbal Medicine. New York: Springer.
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Buckthorn

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Butcher's broom

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Camomile (German)

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Cascara Sagrada bark

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Catuaba Bark catuaba bark

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Cayenne

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Chaste tree

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  5. Jarry, H., S. Leonhardt, C. Gorkow, W. Wuttke. 1994. In vitro prolactin but not LH and FSH release is inhibited by compounds in extracts of Agnus castus: direct evidence for a dopaminergic principle by the dopamine receptor assay. Exp Clin Endocrinol 102(6):448–454.
  6. Jarry, H. et al. 1991. Agnus castus as a dopaminergic active constituent in Mastodynon® N. Z Phytother 12:77–82.
  7. Lauritzen, C. et al. 1997. Treatment of premenstrual tension syndrome with vitex agnus castus. Controlled, double-blind study versus pyridoxine. Phytomedicine 4:183–189.
  8. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  9. Milewicz, A. et al. 1993. Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of luteal phase defects due to latent hyperprolactinemia. Results of a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Arzneimforsch 43(7):752–756.
  10. Mills, S.Y. 1985. The Dictionary of Modern Herbalism. Wellingborough: Thorsons.
  11. Mühlenstedt, D., H.G. Bohnet, J.P. Hanker, H.P. Schneider. 1978. Short luteal phase and prolactin. Int J Fertil 23(3):213–218.
  12. Newall, C.A., L.A. Anderson, J.D. Phillipson. 1996. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
  13. Okuyama E., S. Fujimori, M.Yamazaki et al. 1998. Pharmacologically active components of viticis fructus (Vitex rotundifolia ). II. The components having analgesic effects. Chem Pharm Bull 46(4):655–662.
  14. Schneider, H.P., H.G. Bohnet. 1981. [Hyperprolactinemic ovarian insufficiency] [In German]. Gynakologe 14(2):104–118.
  15. Schulz, V., R. Hänsel, V.E. Tyler. 1998. Rational Phytotherapy: A Physicians' Guide to Herbal Medicine. New York: Springer.
  16. Wuttke, W., Gorkow, J. Jarry. 1995. Dopaminergic compounds in Vitex agnus castus. In: Loew D. and N. Rietbrock. (eds.). Phytopharmaka in Forschung and klinischer Anwendung. Darmstadt: Steinkopff Verlag. 81–91.

Cinnamon

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  19. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.
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  27. Nadkarni, K.M. 1976. Indian Materia Medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 328–330.
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Cola nut

  1. Bradley, P.R. (ed.). 1992. British Herbal Compendium, Vol. 1. Bournemouth: British Herbal Medicine Association.
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  7. Trindall, R. 1997. Ethnobotanical Leaflets: The Culture of Cola: Social and Economic Aspects of a West African Domesticate. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Herbarium.

Coriander

  1. Bradley, P.R. (ed.). 1992. British Herbal Compendium, Vol. 1. Bournemouth: British Herbal Medicine Association.
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  7. Trindall, R. 1997. Ethnobotanical Leaflets: The Culture of Cola: Social and Economic Aspects of a West African Domesticate. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Herbarium.

Damiana Diamana

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Dandelion

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  21. Speck, F.G., R.B. Hassrick, E.S. Carpenter. 1942. Rappahannock Herbals, Folk-lore and Science of Cures. Proc Del County Inst Sci 10:7–55.
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  27. Burrows, S. and J.C.E. Simpson. 1938. The Triterpene Group. Part IV. The triterpene alcohols of Taraxacum root. J Chem Soc 2042–2047.
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  31. Faber, K. 1958. Der Löwenzahn—Taraxacum officinale Weber. Pharmazie 13:423–436.
  32. Hänsel, R., M. Kartarahardja, J.T. Huang, F. Bohlmann. 1980. Sesquiterpenlacton-b -D-glucopyranoside sowie ein neues Eudesmanolid aus Taraxacum officinale. Phytochem 19:857–861.
  33. Harnischfeger, G. and H. Stolze. 1983. Bewährte Pflanzendrogen in Wissenschaft und Medizin. Bad Homburg/Melsungen: Notamed Verlag. 242–249.
  34. Hook, I., A. McGee, M. Henman. 1993. Evaluation of Dandelion for diuretic activity and variation in potassium content. Int J Pharmacog 31:29–34.
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  37. Nadkarni, K.M. 1993. Indian Materia Medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 1195–1196.
  38. Pirtkien, R., E. Surke, G. Seybold. 1960. Comparative studies on the choleretic action of various drugs in the rat. Med Welt 1417–1422.
  39. Popov, A.I. and K.G. Gromov. 1993. Mineral components of dandelion leaves. Vopr Pitan (3):57–58.
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  41. Rácz-Kotilla, E., J. Bodon, Tölgyesi. 1978. Determination of the mineral content of 41 medicinal plant species by chemotaxonomical and biochemical observations. Herba Hung 17:43–54.
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  45. Smith, G.W. 1973. Arctic Pharmacognosia. Arctic 26:324–333.
  46. Vogel, H.H. and R. Schaette. 1977. Phytotherapeutische Reflexionen. Betrachtungen über Silybum marianum (Carduus marianus), Taraxacum officinale, Cichorium intybus, Bryonia alba et dioica, Viscum album und ihre Beziehungen zur Leber. Erfahrungsheilkunde 26:347–355.
  47. Weiss, R.F. 1991. Lehrbuch der Phytotherapie, 7th ed. Stuttgart: Hippokrates Verlag. 162–163.
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Devil's claw

  1. Bradley, P.R. (ed.). 1992. British Herbal Compendium, Vol. 1. Bournemouth: British Herbal Medicine Association.
  2. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.
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  15. Grahame, R. and B.V. Robinson. 1981. Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) : pharmacological and clinical studies. Ann Rheum Dis 40(6):632.
  16. Lanhers, M.C., J. Fleurentin, F. Mortier, A. Vinche, C. Younos. 1992. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of an aqueous extract of Harpagophytum procumbens. Planta Med 58(2):117–123.
  17. Mestdagh, O. and M. Torck. 1995. [Quality evaluation of Harpagophyton capsules] [In French]. Ann Pharm Fr 53(3):135–137.
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  19. Occhiuto, F., C. Circosta, S. Ragusa, P. Ficarra, R. Costa de Pasquale. 1985. A drug used in traditional medicine: Harpagophytum procumbens DC. IV. Effects on some isolated muscle preparations. J Ethnopharmacol 13(2):201–208.
  20. Soulimani, R., C. Younos, F. Mortier, C. Derrieu. 1994. The role of stomachal digestion on the pharmacological activity of plant extracts, using as an example extracts of Harpagophytum procumbens. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72(12):1532–1536.
  21. Whitehouse, L.W., M. Znamirowska, C.J. Paul. 1983. Devil's Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens ): no evidence for anti-inflammatory activity in the treatment of arthritic disease. Can Med Assoc J 129(3):249–251.

Echinacea

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  2. Bauer, R. 1999a. Chemistry, analysis and immunological investigations of Echinacea phytopharmaceuticals. In: Wagner, H. (ed.). Immunomodulatory Agents from Plants . Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag. 41–88.
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Elder flower

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Eleuthero root

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Ephedra

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Eucalyptus

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Extensin

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Ginseng

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Fennel

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Fenugreek

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Flashtense Plus

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Flaxseed

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  35. Schilcher, H, V. Schulz, A. Nissler. 1986. Zur Wirksamkeit und Toxikologie von Semen Lini. Z Phytotherapie 7:113–117.
  36. Schilcher, H. and M. Wilkens-Sauter. 1986. Quantitative Bestimmung cyanogener Glykoside in Linum usitatissimum mit Hilfe der HPLC. Fette Seifen Anstrichmittel 88:287–290.
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Garlic

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  38. Sunter, W.H. 1991. Warfarin and garlic. Pharmaceut J 246:722.
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  49. Bordia, A. et al. 1977. Effect of essential oil of onion and garlic on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 26(3):379–386.
  50. Brewitt, B. and B. Lehmann. 1991. Lipidregulierung durch standardisierte Naturarzneimittel. Multizentrische Langzeitstudie an 1209 Patienten. Der Kassenarzt 5:47–55.
  51. Brosche, T. and D. Platt. 1990. Knoblauch als pflanzlicher lipidsenker. Neuere untersuchungen mit einem standardisierten knoblauchtrockenpulver-präparat [Garlic as phytogenic antilipemic agent. Recent studies with a standardized dry garlic powder substance].Fortschr Med 108(36):703–706.
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  53. Fulder, S. 1989. Garlic and the prevention of cardiovascular disease.Cardiology in Practice 7:30–35.
  54. Gebhardt, R. 1991. Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis by a water-soluble garlic extract in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Arzneimforsch 41(8):800–804.
  55. Harenberg J., C. Giese, R. Zimmermann. 1988. Effect of dried garlic on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelet aggregation and serum cholesterol levels in patients with hyperlipo- proteinemia. Artherosclerosis 74(3):247–249.
  56. Heinle, H. and E. Betz. 1994. Effects of dietary garlic supplementation in a rat model of atherosclerosis. Arzneimforsch 44(5):614–617.
  57. Jain, R.C. and D.B. Konar. 1978. Effect of garlic oil in experimental cholesterol atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 29(2):125–129.
  58. Jung, F. and H. Kiesewetter. 1991. Einfluss einer fettbelastung auf plasmalipide und kapilläre hautdurchblutung unter knoblauch. Med Welt 42:14–17.
  59. Kiesewetter, H. et al. 1991. Effect of garlic on thrombocyte aggregation, micro-circulation and other risk factors.Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol 29(4):151–155.
  60. Kleijnen, J., P. Knipschild, G. ter Riet. 1989. Garlic, onions and cardiovascular risk factors. A review of the evidence from human experiments with emphasis on commercially available preparations. Br J Clin Pharmacol 28(5):535–544.
  61. Koch, H.P. and G. Hahn. 1988.Knoblauch: Grundlagen der therapeutischen Anwendung von Allium sativum L. [Garlic-Fundamentals of the Therapeutic Application of Allium sativum L.] Munich: Urban and Schwarzenberg.
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  64. Mand, J.K., P.P. Gupta, G.L. Soni, R. Singh. 1985. Effect of garlic on experimental atherosclerosis in rabbits. Indian Heart J 37(3):183–188.
  65. McMahon, F.G. et al. 1992. Clinical effects of a garlic powder preparation on various cardiovascular risk factors.Eur J Clin Res 3a:8–9.
  66. Orekhov, A.N., V.V. Tertov, I.A. Sobenin, E.M. Pivovarova. 1995. Direct anti-atherosclerosis-related effects of garlic. Ann Med 27(1):63–65.
  67. Reuter, H.D. 1991. Spektrum Allium sativumL. Zug: Aesopus Verlag.
  68. Schulz, V., R. Hänsel, V.E. Tyler. 1998.Rational Phytotherapy: A Physicians' Guide to Herbal Medicine. New York: Springer.
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  70. Tang W. and G. Eisenbrand. 1992.Chinese Drugs of Plant Origin: Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Use in Traditional Modern Medicine. New York: Springer Verlag. 79–86.
  71. Tsai, Y. et al. 1985. Antiviral properties of garlic: in vitro effects on influenza B, herpes simplex and coxsackie viruses. Planta Med 51:460–461.
  72. Vorberg, G. and B. Schneider. 1990. Therapy with garlic: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Br J Clin Pract Suppl 44(69):7–11.
  73. Yeh, Y.Y. and S.M. Yeh. 1994. Garlic reduces plasma lipids by inhibiting hepatic cholesterol and triacylglycerol synthesis.Lipids 29(3):189–193.

Gentian

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  11. Grieve, M. 1979. A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
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  16. Menkovic, N.R., K.P. Savikin-Fodulovic, D.V. Grubisic, I. Momcilovic. 1998. Secondary Products in Gentiana lutea in vitro Culture. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Institute for Medicinal Plant Research.
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  25. Bricout, J. 1974. Identification et dosage des constituants amers des racines de Gentiana lutea L. Phytochem 13:2819–2823.
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  31. Inouye, H., T. Yoshida, Y. Nakamura, S. Tobita. 1968. Die Stereochemie einiger Secoiridoidglucoside und die Revision der Strukter des Gentiopicrosids. Tetrahedron Lett 4429–4432.
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Ginkgo biloba

  1. Bauer, U. 1984. Six-month double-blind randomized clinical trial of Ginkgo biloba extract versus placebo in two parallel groups of patients suffering from peripheral arterial insufficiency. Arzneimforsch 34(6):716–720.
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Golden rod

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Green tea

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Hawthorn

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  44. Sticher, O. and B. Meier. Hawthorn (Crataegus ): Biological Activity and New Strategies for Quality Control. In: Lawson, L.D. and R. Bauer (eds.) 1998. Phytomedicines of Europe: Chemistry and Biological Activity . Washington, DC: American Chemical Society.
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  46. Weng, W.L. et al. 1984. Therapeutic effect of Crataegus pinnatifida on 46 cases of angina pectoris—a double blind study. J Trad Chin Med 4(4):293–294.

Hops

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  17. Newall, C.A., L.A. Anderson, J.D. Phillipson. 1996. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
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  23. Caujolle, F., P.H. Chanh, P. Duch-Kan, L. Bravo-Diaz. 1969. Etude de l'action spasmolytique du houblon (Humulus lupulus, Cannabinacées) [Spasmolytic action of hop]. Agressologie 10(5):405–410.
  24. Council of Europe. 1981. Flavouring Substances and Natural Sources of Flavourings, 3rd ed. Strasbourg: Maisonneuve.
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  28. Hänsel, R., R. Wohlfart, H. Coper. 1980. Narcotic action of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol contained in the exhalation of hops [in German]. Z Naturforsch 35(1112):1096–1097.
  29. Hänsel, R., R. Wohlfart, H. Schmidt. 1982. The sedative-hypnotic principle of hops. 3. Communication: Contents of 2-methyl-3-butene-2-ol in hops and hop preparations. Planta Med 45:224–228.
  30. Hänsel, R. and J. Schulz. 1986. Hopfen und Hopfenpräparate: Fragen zur pharmazeutischen Qualität. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 126:2033–2037.
  31. Hänsel, R. 1995. Pflanzliche Beruhigungsmittel. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen in der Selbstmedikation. Dtsch Apoth Ztg 135:2935–2943.
  32. Karrer, W. 1958. Konstitution und Vorkommen der Organischen Pflanzenstoffe (exclusive Alkaloide). Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag.
  33. List, P.H. and L. Hörhammer (eds.). 1973–1979. Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, Vols. 1–7. New York: Springer Verlag.
  34. McGuffin, M., C. Hobbs, R. Upton, A. Goldberg. 1997. American Herbal Product Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  35. Pharmacopée Française Xe Édition (Ph.Fr.X.). 1983–1990. Moulins-les-Metz: Maisonneuve S.A.
  36. Reynolds, J.E.F. (ed.). 1982. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 28th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
  37. Wichtl, M. 1988. In: Braun, R. (ed.). Standardzulassung für Fertigarzneimittel—Text und Kommentar. Stuttgart: Deutsche Apotheker Verlag.
  38. Wichtl, M. 1989. In: Wichtl, M. (ed.). Teedrogen, 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft. 242–245.
  39. Wohlfart, R. 1993. In: Hänsel, R., K. Keller, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (eds.). 1993. Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5th ed. Vol. 5. Drogen E-O. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 447–458.

Horehound

  1. Bown, D. 1995. Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses . New York: DK Publishing, Inc. 308–309.
  2. Boyle, W. 1991. Official Herbs: Botanical Substances in the United States Pharmacopoeias 1820–1990. East Palestine, OH: Buckeye Naturopathic Press.
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  18. Meyer-Buchtela, E. 1999. Tee-Rezepturen—Ein Handbuch für Apotheker und Ärzte. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
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  20. Nadkarni, K.M. 1976. Indian Materia Medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan. 771.
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  22. Österreichisches Arzneibuch, 1st and 2nd suppl. (ÖAB). 1991. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei.
  23. Österreichisches Arzneibuch, Vols. 1–2, 1st suppl. (ÖAB). 1981–1983. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Staatsdruckerei.
  24. Pharmacopoeia Hungarica , 7th ed (Ph.Hg.VII). 1986. Budapest: Medicina Konyvkiado.
  25. Telek, E., L. Toth, L. Botz, I. Mathe. 1997. Marrubium fajok novenykemiai vizsgalata Adatok a VII. Magyar Gyogyszerkonyv Marrubii herba cikkelyehez [Chemical tests with Marrubium species. Official data on Marubii herba in Pharmacopoeia Hungarica VII ]. Acta Pharm Hung 67(1):31–37.
  26. Tyler, V. 1993. The Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies, 3rd ed. New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press.
  27. Wagner, H., S. Bladt, E.M. Zgainski. 1984. Plant Drug Analysis–A Thin Layer Chromatography Atlas . Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 128, 134.
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  34. Saleh, M.M. and K.W. Glombitza. 1989. Volatile oil of Marrubium vulgare and its anti-schistosomal activity. Planta Med 55:105.

Horse chestnut

  1. Bisler, H., R. Pfeifer, N. Kluken, P. Pauschinger. 1986. Wirkung von Rosskastaniensamenextrakt auf die traskapillare filtration bei chronischer venoser insuffizien [Effects of horse-chestnut seed extract on transcapillary filtration in chronic venous insufficiency]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 111(35):1321–1329.
  2. Bombardelli, E. and P. Morazzoni. 1996. Aesculus hippocastanum L. Fitoterapia 67(6):483–511.
  3. Degenring, F.H. 1996. Aesculus Hipp . Semen for the treatment of venous blood flow disorders. Clinical Expert Report for Bioforce AG (unpublished).
  4. Deutsches Arzneibuch (DAB 1997). 1997. Stuttgart: Deutscher Apotheker Verlag.
  5. Diehm C., D. Vollbrecht, K Amendt, H.U. Comberg. 1992. Medical edema protection—Clinical benefit in patients with chronic deep vein incompetence. A placebo-controlled double-blind study. Vasa 21(2):188–192.
  6. Diehm, C., H.J. Trampisch, S. Lange, C. Schmidt. 1996. Comparison of leg compression stocking and oral horse-chestnut seed extract therapy in patients with chronic venous insufficiency. Lancet 347(8997):292–294.
  7. Geissbühler, S. and F.H. Degenring. 1999. Treatment of chronic venous insufficiency with Aesculaforce Vein Gel. Schweiz Zschr Ganzheits Medizin 11:82–87.
  8. Greeske, K. and B.K. Pohlmann. 1996. [Horse chestnut seed extract—an effective therapy principle in general practice. Drug therapy of chronic venous insufficiency] [In German]. Fortschr Med 114(15):196–200.
  9. Konoshima, T. and K.H. Lee. 1986. Antitumor agents, 82. Cytotoxic sapogenols from Aesculus hippocastanum . J Nat Prod 49(4):650–656.
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  13. Pittler, M.H. and E. Ernst. 1998. Horse-chestnut seed extract for chronic venous insufficiency. A criteria-based systematic review. Arch Dermatol 134(11):1356–1360.
  14. Shah, D., S. Bommer, F.H. Degenring. 1997. Aesculaforce in chronic venous insufficiency. Schweiz Zschr Ganzheits Medizin 9(2):86–91.
  15. Yoshikawa, M. et al. 1996. Bioactive saponins and glycosides. III. Horse chestnut. (1): The structures, inhibitory effects on ethanol absorption, and hypoglycemic activity of escins Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, and IIIa from the seeds of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 44(8):1454–1464.
  16. Yoshikawa, M. et al. 1998. Bioactive saponins and glycosides. XII. Horse chestnut. (2): Structures of escins IIIb, IV, V and VI and isoescins Ia, Ib, and V, acylated polyhydroxyoleanene triterpene oligoglycosides, from the seeds of horse chestnut tree (Aesculus hippocastanum L., Hippocastanaceae). Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 46(11):1764–1769.
  17. Boiadzhiev, T. et al. 1973. Experimental studies on the action of total extracts of Aesculus hippocastanum L. (horse chestnut) on cellular respiration. Eksp Med Morfol 12(1):11–14.
  18. Chan, E.H. et al. (eds.). 1985. Advances in Chinese Medicinal Materials Research. Singapore: World Scientific Pub. Co.
  19. Longiave, D., C. Omini, S. Nicosia, F. Berti. 1978. The mode of action of aescin on isolated veins, relationship with PGF2. Pharmacol Res Commun 10(2):145–152.
  20. Popp, W. et al. 1992. Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum ) pollen: a frequent cause of allergic sensitization in urban children. Allergy 47(4 pt. 2):380–383.

Horseradish

  1. Bown, D. 1995. Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses . New York: DK Publishing, Inc. 242.
  2. Budavari, S. (ed.). 1996. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, N.J.: Merck & Co, Inc. 812.
  3. Cowper, A.B. 1996. Manufacturing Handbook for Herbal Medicines . Morisset, Australia: Anne B. Cowper. 21.
  4. Grieve, M. 1979. A Modern Herbal. New York: Dover Publications, Inc.
  5. Hansen, H. 1974. Content of glucosinolates in horseradish (Armoracia rusticana ). Tidsskr Planteavl 73:408–410.
  6. Hoffmann, D. 1992. The New Holistic Herbal . Rockport, MA: Element Books Limited. 163, 207.
  7. Karnick, C.R. 1994. Pharmacopoeial Standards of Herbal Plants, Vol. 2. Delhi: Sri Satguru Publications. 69.
  8. Kienholz, N. and B. Kemkes. 1960. [The antibacterial action of ethereal oils from horseradish root (Cochlearia armoracia L.)] [In German]. Arzeneimforsch 10:917–918.
  9. Lange, D. and U. Schippmann. 1997. Trade Survey of Medicinal Plants in Germany—A Contribution to International Plant Species Conservation . Bonn: Bundesamt für Naturschutz. 32–34.
  10. Lust, J.B. 1974. The Herb Book. New York: Bantam Books. 40–41, 233.
  11. Mills, S.Y. 1985. The Dictionary of Modern Herbalism. Wellingborough: Thorsons.
  12. Moerman, D.E. 1998. Native American Ethnobotany. Portland, OR: Timber Press. 92.
  13. Natella, F. et al. 1998. Oxidative modification of human low-density lipoprotein by horseradish peroxidase in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Free Radic Res 29(5):427–434.
  14. Newall, C.A., L.A. Anderson, J.D. Phillipson. 1996. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
  15. Schindler, E.H. Zipp, I. Marth. 1960. [Comparative clinical studies on non-specific urinary tract infections with an enzyme-glycoside mixture obtained from horseradish roots (Cochlearia armoracia L.)] [In German]. Arzeneimforsch 10:919-921.
  16. Sjaastad, O.V., A.K. Blom, R. Haye. 1984. Hypotensive effects in cats caused by horseradish peroxidase mediated by metabolites of arachidonic acid. J Histochem Cytochem 32(12):1328–1330.
  17. Stoehr, H. and K. Herrman. 1975. Phenolic acids of vegetables. III. Hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of root vegetables. Z Lebensm-Unters Forsh 159:219–224.
  18. Flocco, C.G., M.A. Alvarez, A.M. Giulietti. 1998. Peroxidase production in vitro by Armoracia lapathifolia (horseradish)-transformed root cultures: effect of elicitation on level and profile of isoenzymes. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 28(1):33–38.
  19. Foster, S. 1993. Herbal Renaissance: Growing, Using and Understanding Herbs in the Modern World. Salt Lake City: Gibbs-Smith.
  20. Mabey, R. (ed.). 1988. The Complete New Herbal. London: Elm Tree Books.
  21. Tisserand, R. and T. Balacs. 1995. Essential Oil Safety. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone.
  22. van der Want, J.J. et al. 1997. Tract-tracing in the nervous system of vertebrates using horseradish peroxidase and its conjugates: tracers, chromogens and stabilization for light and electron microscopy. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc 1(3):269–279.
  23. Wren, R.C. 1988. Potter's New Cyclopaedia of Botanical Drugs and Preparations. Essex: The C.W. Daniel Company Ltd.

Lily (white lily)

  1. Council of Europe. Lilium candidum. In: Plants in Cosmetics - Volume II. Germany: Koelblin-Fortuna-Druck, 2001; p.79 - 81 (ref. 68*1ANT)
  2. Peris J B, Stübing G, Romo A. Plantas Medicinales de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Madrid: Ediciones Jaguar, 2001 (ref. 633.8 PER)
  3. Gruenwald J, Brendler T, Jaenicke, C, editors. PDR for Herbal Medicines.1st ed. New Jersey: Medical Economics Company, 1998. (ref. 633.8 (031) ENC).
  4. Mimaki Y, Satou T, Kuroda M, Sashida Y, Hatakeyama Y. Steroidal saponins from the bulbs of Lilium candidum. Phytochemistry 1999; 51(4): 567-73
  5. Vachalkova A, Eisenreichova E, Haladova M, Mucaji P, Jozova L, Novotny L. Potential carcinogenic and inhibitory activity of compounds isolated from Lilium candidum L. Neoplasmasma 2000; 47(6): 313 - 318
  6. List, P. H. - Horhammer F; Hagers Handbuch der pharmazeutischen Praxis (vollstandige, vierte Neuausgabe). IV Band, Berlin, Springler-Verslag 1973.

Menthol

  1. Leffingwell, J.C. & R.E. Shackelford, Laevo-Menthol - Syntheses and organoleptic properties, Cosmetics and Perfumery, 89(6), 69-89, 1974
  2. Hopp, R., Menthol: its origins, chemistry, physiology and toxicological properties, Rec. Adv. Tobacco Science, Vol. 19, 3-46 (1993).

Myriceline

  1. M.J. Moreno, J.A.Martinez El tejido adiposo : órgano de almacenamiento y órgano secretor. ANALES Sis San Navarra 2002 ; 25 (Supl.1) : 29 – 39.
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  3. John T. Tansey, Anne M. Huml, Rainbow Vogt, Kathryn E. Davis, Jennifer M. Jones, Kathryn A. Fraser, Dawn L. Brasaemle§, Alan R. Kimmel, and Constantine Londos .Functional Studies on Native and Mutated Forms of Perilipins A role in Protein Kinase A-mediated lipolysis of triacylglycerols in chinese hamster ovary cells J. Biol. Chem., Vol. 278, Issue 10, 8401-8406, March 7, 2003
  4. GUSTAVSSON ET AL. GUSTAVSSON J, PARPAL S., KARLSSON M., RAMSING C., THORN H., BORG M., LINDROTH M., PETERSON K.H., MAGNUSSON K-E,AND STRÅLFORS P. Localization of the insulin receptor in caveolae of adipocyte plasma membrane. The FASEB Journal 13, 1961–1971 (1999)
  5. Razani B, Combs TP, Wang XB, Frank PG, Park DS, Russell RG, Li M, Tang B, Jelicks LA, Scherer PE, Lisanti MP.Caveolin-1-deficient mice are lean, resistant to diet-induced obesity, and show hypertriglyceridemia with adipocyte abnormalities.
  6. FARESE R. V. Insulin-Sensitive Phospholipid Signaling Systems and Glucose Transport. Update II Exp Biol Med Vol. 226(4):283–295, 2001
  7. LEONARD J. FOSTER AND AMIRA KLIP. Mechanism and regulation of GLUT-4 vesicle fusion in muscle and fat cells Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 279: C877–C890, 2000.
  8. GRILLO S., GREMEAUX T., LE MARCHAND-BRUSTEL Y., TANTI J-F. Potential role of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) in insulin-stimulated glucose transporter 4 translocation in adipocytes. FEBS Letters 461 (1999) 277-279
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  10. QIU Z., YONG WEI Y., CHEN N., JIANG M., WU J., AND LIAO K. DNA Synthesis and Mitotic Clonal Expansion Is Not a Required Step for 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation into Adipocytes. The journal of biological chemistry Vol. 276, No. 15, Issue of April 13, pp. 11988–11995, 2001
  11. QIU Z., YONG WEI Y., CHEN N., JIANG M., WU J., AND LIAO K. DNA Synthesis and Mitotic Clonal Expansion Is Not a Required Step for 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Differentiation into Adipocytes the journal of biological chemistry Vol. 276, No. 15, Issue of April 13, pp. 11988–11995, 2001
  12. FRANCINE M. GREGOIRE Adipocyte Differentiation: From Fibroblast to Endocrine Cell. Exp Biol Med Vol. 226(11):997–1002, 2001
  13. ENGELMAN J.A., BERG A.H., LEWIS R.Y., LIN A., LISANTI M.P., AND SCHERERI P. E. Constitutively Active Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Kinase 6 (MKK6) or Salicylate Induces Spontaneous 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis .the journal of biological chemistry Vol. 274, No. 50, Issue of December 10, pp. 35630–35638, 1999
  14. H.THORN et al. Cell Surface Orificies of Caveolae and Localization of Caveolin to the Necks of caveolae in Adipocytes Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 14, 3967-3976, October 2003

Olive leaf

  1. Circosta, C. et al. Plantes médicinales et phytothérapie 1990, tome XXIV, nº4, p. 264-277 (Ref. Provital 260).
  2. Zarzuelo, A. et al. Planta Med. 1991, 57, p. 417-419. (Ref. Provital 1476).

Rosemary

  1. Qinyun Chen, Huang Shi, Chi-Tang Ho. “Effects of rosemary extracts and major constituents on lipid oxidation and soybean lipoxygenase activity” J.Am.Oil Chem.Soc. 69,999-1002 (1992).
  2. R. Armengol, C. Betés. “Antioxidant actions of a natural extract. Cosmetic uses” 18th. International IFSCC Congress (1994).
  3. Francesc Casadó, M.E. Gutiérrez, M.A. de Madariaga, P. Gomis, M. Mora.”Complex liposomes as models to evaluate the efficiency of cosmetics against free-radicals”. 18th. International IFSCC Congress (1994).
  4. Baolu Zhao, Xiaojie Li, Rungen He, Shujun Cheng, Wenjuan Xin. “Scavenging effect of extracts of green tea and natural antioxidants on active oxygen radicals” Cell. Biophys. 14 (2), 175-185 (1989).
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Horsetail

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Horny Goat Weed horny goat weed

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Ivy

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Juniper

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Kava Kava

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Lavender

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Lemon Balm

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Licorice

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Linden flower

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Maca root

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Maitake

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Marshmallow

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Maté

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Meadowsweet

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Milk Thistle

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Mint

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Motherwort

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Mullein

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Myrrh

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Oak

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Oat

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Onion

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Orange peel, bitter

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Parsley

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Passionflower

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Peppermint

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Pine

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Plantain

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  4. Inouye, H. et al. 1974. Purgative activities of iridoid glycosides. Planta Med 25:285–288.
  5. Koichev, A. 1982. Study on the therapeutic effect of different doses from the preparation Plantago major in cold. Probl Vatr Med 10:117–124.
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  18. Tyler, V.E. 1994. Herbs of Choice: The Therapeutic Use of Phytomedicinals. New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press.
  19. Wichtl, M. and N.G. Bisset (eds.). 1994. Herbal Drugs and Phytopharmaceuticals. Stuttgart: Medpharm Scientific Publishers.
  20. Baldo, B.A., Q.J. Chensee, M.E. Howden, P.J. Sharp. 1982. Allergens from plantain (Plantago lanceolata ). Studies with pollen and plant extracts. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 68(4):295–304.
  21. Bruneton, J. 1995. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Paris: Lavoisier Publishing.
  22. Chakarski, I. et al. 1982. Clinical study of a herb combination consisting of Agrimonia eupatoria, Hypericum perforatum, Plantago major, Mentha piperita, Matricaria chamomilla for the treatment of patients with gastroduodenitis. Probl Vatr Med 10:78–84.
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Poplar

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  2. Bradley, P.R. (ed.). 1992. British Herbal Compendium, Vol. 1. Bournemouth: British Herbal Medicine Association.
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Psyllium

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Pumpkin seed

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Reishi

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Sage

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  26. Tucker, A.O. et al. 1980. Botanical aspects of commercial sage. Economic Bot 34:16–19.
  27. Van Hellemont, J. 1988. Fytotherapeutisch Compendium, 2nd ed. Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema. 539–541.
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Saw Palmetto

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  43. Liang, T. and S. Liao. 1992. Inhibition of steroid 5( -reductase by specific aliphatic unsaturated fatty acids. Biochem J 285(Pt. 2):557–562.
  44. Mandressi, A. et al. 1987. Treatment of uncomplicated benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) by an extract of Serenoa repens . Clinical results. J Endocrinol Invest 10(suppl. 2):49.
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Senna

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Shepherd's Purse

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Soy

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St. John's wort

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Stinging Nettle

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Thyme

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Turmeric

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Usnea

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Uva Ursi

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Valerian

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Walnut

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Watercress

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Willow bark

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Witch Hazel

  1. Bernard, P., A. Bovis, G. Balansard. 1971. L'essai chromatographique des preparations galeniques a base de feuilles d'Hamamelis [Chromatographic assay of galenic preparations from Hamamelis leaves]. J Pharm Belg 26(6):661–668.
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  3. Bernard, P. 1977. Les feuilles d'hamamélis. Plantes Méd Phytothér 11(Spécial):184–188.
  4. Bown, D. 1995. Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses . New York: DK Publishing, Inc. 291.
  5. Council of Europe. 1989. Plant Preparations Used as Ingredients of Cosmetic Products , 1st ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
  6. Duke, J.A. 1997. The Green Pharmacy . Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press.
  7. Erdelmeier, C.A.J. et al. 1996. Antiviral and antiphlogistic activities of Hamamelis virginiana bark. Planta Med 62(3):241–245.
  8. Hartisch, C., H. Kolodziej, F. von Bruchhausen. 1997. Dual inhibitory activities of tannins from Hamamelis virginiana and related polyphenols on 5-lipoxygenase and lyso-PAF: acetyl-CoA-acetyltransferase. Planta Med 63(2):106–110.
  9. Hörmann, H.P. and H.C. Korting. 1994. Evidence for the efficacy and safety of topical herbal drugs in dermatology: Part 1: Anti-inflammatory agents. Phytomed 1:161–171.
  10. Khory, R.N. and N.N. Katrak. 1985. Materia Medica of India and Their Therapeutics . Delhi: Neeraj Publishing House.
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  12. Lloyd and Lloyd. 1935. History of Hamamelis extract and distillate. J Am Pharm Assoc 24:220.
  13. Madaus, G. 1979. Lehrbuch der biologischen Heilmittel , Vols. 1–3. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag.
  14. Malhotra, S.C. 1990. Phytochemical Investigations of Certain Medicinal Plants Used in Ayurveda . New Delhi: CCRA & S, Government of India.
  15. Newall, C.A., L.A. Anderson, J.D. Phillipson. 1996. Herbal Medicines: A Guide for Health-Care Professionals . London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
  16. Pharmacopée Française Xe Édition (Ph.Fr.X.). 1983–1990. Moulins-les-Metz: Maisonneuve S.A.
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  18. Reynolds, J.E.F. (ed.). 1993. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia , 30th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
  19. Sorkin, B. 1980. Hametum-Salbe, eine kortikoidfreie antiinflammatorische Salbe. Phys Med Rehab 21:53–57.
  20. Steinegger, E. and R. Hänsel. 1992. Pharmakognosie, 5th ed. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
  21. Van Hellemont, J. 1988. Fytotherapeutisch Compendium , 2nd ed. Utrecht: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema. 284–286.

Yarrow

  1. Chandler, R.F., S.N. Hooper, M.J. Harvery. 1982. Ethnobotany and Phytochemistry of Yarrow, Achillea millefolium, Compositae. Economic Botany 36:203–223.
  2. Coffin, A.I. 1852. A Botanic Guide to Health and the Natural Pathology of Disease. London: British Medico-Botanic Establishment. 88–89.
  3. Council of Europe. 1989. Plant Preparations Used as Ingredients of Cosmetic Products, 1st ed. Strasbourg: Council of Europe.
  4. Czygan, F.C. 1994. Schafgarbe: Alte Heilpflanze neu Untersucht. PZ 139(6):439.
  5. Direction de la Pharmacie et du Médicament (DPM). 1992. Achillée millefeuille, sommité fleurie. Bulletin Officiel No. 92/11 bis. [English edition]. Paris: Direction des Journaux Officiels.
  6. Goldberg, A.S., E.C. Mueller, E. Eigen, S.J. Desalva. 1969. Isolation of the anti-inflammatory principles from Achillea millefolium (Compositae). J Pharm Sci 58(8):938–941.
  7. Goldberg, A.S. et al. 1970. U.S. Patent 3,552,350; through Chem Abstr 73:102048w.
  8. Hänsel, R., K. Keller, H. Rimpler, G. Schneider (eds.). 1992. Hagers Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, 5th ed. Vol. 4. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 45–54.
  9. Krivenko, V.V., G.P. Potebnia, V.V. Loiko. 1989. Opyt lecheniia nekotorykh zabolevanii organov pishchevareniia lekarstvennymi rasteniiami [Experience in treating digestive organ diseases with medicinal plants]. Vrach Delo (3):76–78.
  10. Madaus, G. 1979. Lehrbuch der Biologischen Heilmittel, Vols. 1–3. Hildesheim: Georg Olms Verlag.
  11. Mascolo, N. et al. 1987. Biological screening of Italian medicinal plants for anti-inflammatory activity. Phytother Res 1:28–31.
  12. Reynolds, J.E.F. (ed.). 1993. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
  13. Shipochliev, T. and G. Fournadjiev. 1984. Spectrum of the anti-inflammatory effect of Arctostaphylos uva ursi and Achillea millefolium L. Probl Vutr Med 12:99–107.
  14. Spaich, W. 1977. Moderne Phytotherapie. Heidelberg: Haug Verlag.
  15. Steinegger, E. and R. Hänsel. 1988. Lehrbuch der Pharmakognosie und Phytopharmazie, 4th ed. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 317–319.
  16. Tewari, J.P., M.C. Srivastava, J.L. Bajpai.1974. Phytopharmacologic studies of Achillea millefolium Linn. Indian J Med Sci 28(8):331–336.

Yeast, Brewer's

  1. Bleichner, G., H. Blehaut, H. Mentec, D. Moyse. 1997. Saccharomyces boulardii prevents diarrhea in critically ill tube-fed patients. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 23(5):517–523.
  2. Bogye, G., G. Alfthan, T. Machay. 1998. Randomized clinical trial of enteral yeast-selenium supplementation in preterm infants. Biofactors 8(1–2):139–142.
  3. Budavari, S. (ed.). 1996. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, N.J.: Merck & Co, Inc. 1726.
  4. Facchinetti, F. et al. 1997. Effects of a yeast-based dietary supplementation on premenstrual syndrome. A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Gynecol Obstet Invest 43(2):120–124.
  5. Lewis, S.J., L.F. Potts, R.E. Barry. 1998. The lack of therapeutic effect of Saccharomyces boulardii in the prevention of antibiotic-related diarrhoea in elderly patients. J Infect 36(2):171–174.
  6. McFarland, L.V. et al. 1995. Prevention of beta-lactam-associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii compared with placebo. Am J Gastroenterol 90(3):439–448.
  7. McFarland, L.V. et al. 1994. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of Saccharomyces boulardii in combination with standard antibiotics for Clostridium difficile disease. JAMA 271(24):1913–1918.
  8. Muller, J., N. Remus, K.H. Harms. 1995. Mycoserological study of the treatment of paediatric cystic fibrosis patients with Saccharomyces boulardii (Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS 5926). Mycoses 38(3–4):119–123.
  9. Nadkarni, K.M. 1976. Indian Materia Medica. Bombay: Popular Prakashan.
  10. Taber, C.W. 1962. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 9th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company. T22–T23.
  11. Tu, G. (ed.). 1992. Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (English Edition 1992). Beijing: Guangdong Science and Technology Press. 813.
  12. U.S.A. Dept. of Health and Human Services: Food and Drug Administration. 1998. Code of Federal Regulations 21 (CFR 21). Parts 172.896 and 172.898. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration. 109–110.
  13. Weber, G., A. Adamczyk, S. Freytag. 1989. [Treatment of acne with a yeast preparation] [In German]. Fortschr Med 107(26):563–566.
  14. Andre, F.E. and A. Safary. 1987. Summary of clinical findings on Engerix-B, a genetically engineered yeast derived hepatitis B vaccine. Postgrad Med J 63(2):169–177.
  15. Bizeau, C., P. Galzy, M. Bastide, J.M. Bastide. 1974. [Immunofluorescent study of morphologic mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen] [In French]. C R Acad Sci Hebd Seances Acad Sci D 279(25):1955–1958.
  16. Böckeler, W. and G. Thomas. 1989. In-vitro-Studien zur destabilisierenden Wirkung lyophilisierter Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS 5926-Zellen auf Engerobakterien. Lässt sich diese Eigenschaft biochemisch erklären? In: Müller, J., R. Ottenjann, J. Seifert (eds.). Ökosystem Darm. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. 142–153.
  17. Chavanet, P. et al. 1994. Cross-sectional study of the susceptibility of Candida isolates to antifungal drugs and in vitro-in vivo correlation in HIV-infected patients. AIDS 8(7):945–950.
  18. Gedek, B. and G. Hagenhoff. 1989. Orale Verabreichung von lebensfähigen Zellen des Hefestammes Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS 5926 und deren Schicksal während der Magen-Darm-Passage. Therapiewoche (38):33–40.
  19. McCullough, M.J., K.V. Clemons, J.H. McCusker, D.A. Stevens. 1998. Species identification and virulence attributes of Saccharomyces boulardii (nom. inval.) J Clin Microbiol 36(9):2613–2617.
  20. Oblack, D.L. et al. 1981. Clinical evaluation of the AutoMicrobic system Yeast Biochemical Card for rapid identification of medically important yeasts. J Clin Microbiol 13(2):351–355.
  21. Petzoldt, K. and E. Muller. 1986. [Animal experiment and cell biology study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hansen CBS 5926 in the non-specific enhancement of resistance to infection] [In German]. Arzneimforsch 36(7):1085–1088.
  22. Pfaller, M.A. et al. 1994. Selection of candidate quality control isolates and tentative quality control ranges for in vitro susceptibility testing of yeast isolates by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards proposed standard methods. J Clin Microbiol 32(7):1650–1653.
  23. Plein, K. and J. Hotz. 1993. Therapeutic effects of Saccharomyces boulardii on mild residual symptoms in a stable phase of Crohn's disease with special respect to chronic diarrhea—a pilot study. Z Gastroenterol 31(2):129–134.
  24. Sinai, Y. et al. 1974. Enhancement of resistance to infectious disease by oral administration of brewer's yeast. Infection Immunol (9):781–787.
  25. Surawicz, C.M. et al. 1989. Die prophylaxe antibiotika-assoziierter diarrhoen mit Saccharomyces boulardii . eine prospektive studie [Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea by Saccharomyces boulardii : a prospective study]. Gastroenterol 96(4):981–988.

Yohimbe

  1. Betz, J.M., K.D. White, A. Der Marderosian. 1995. Gas chromatographic determination of yohimbine in commercial yohimbe products. J AOAC Int 78(5):1189–1194.
  2. Bown, D. 1995. Encyclopedia of Herbs and Their Uses . New York: DK Publishing, Inc. 322.
  3. Budavari, S. (ed.). 1996. The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals, 12th ed. Whitehouse Station, N.J.: Merck & Co, Inc.
  4. De Smet, P.A. 1997. Yohimbe Alkaloids—General Discussion. In: De Smet, P.A., K. Keller, Hänsel R., Chandler, R.F. (eds.) 1997. Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs, Vol. 3. New York: Springer Verlag. 181–205.
  5. De Smet, P.A. and O.S. Smeets. 1994. Potential risks of health food products containing yohimbe extracts [letter]. BMJ 309(6959):958.
  6. Devi, L. 1998. Yohimbine—Clinical Study Shows Effects at Different Dose Levels. HerbClip 060481. Austin, TX: American Botanical Council.
  7. Duke, J.A. 1997. The Green Pharmacy. Emmaus, PA: Rodale Press. 176, 188, 191–192, 288.
  8. Ernst, E. and M.H. Pittler. 1998. Yohimbine for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. J Urol 159(2):433–436.
  9. Grasing, K. et al. 1996. Effects of yohimbine on autonomic measures are determined by individual values for area under the concentration-time curve. J Clin Pharmacol 36(9):814–822.
  10. Keay, R.W. 1989. Trees of Nigeria. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  11. Leung, A.Y. and S. Foster. 1996. Encyclopedia of Common Natural Ingredients Used in Food, Drugs, and Cosmetics, 2nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
  12. McGuffin, M., C. Hobbs, R. Upton, A. Goldberg. 1997. American Herbal Product Association's Botanical Safety Handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
  13. Morales, A. et al. 1987. Is yohimbine effective in the treatment of organic impotence? Results of a controlled trial. J Urol 137(6):1168–1172.
  14. Osol, A. and G.E. Farrar. 1955. The Dispensatory of the United States of America, 25th ed. Philadelphia, PA: J.B. Lippincott Company.
  15. Owen, J.A. et al. 1987. The pharmacokinetics of yohimbine in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 32(6):577–582.
  16. Reichert, R. 1997. Yohimbine Pharmacokinetics. Quarterly Rev Nat Med Spring:17–18.
  17. Reid, K. et al. 1987. Double-blind trial of yohimbine in treatment of psychogenic impotence. Lancet 2(8556):421–423.
  18. Reynolds, J.E.F. (ed.). 1989. Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press.
  19. Rice, T.F. et al. 1996. Physicians' Desk Reference® , 50th ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company. 1283, 1322, 1363, 1892, 2552.
  20. Riley, A.J. 1994. Yohimbine in the treatment of erectile disorder. Br J Clin Pract 48(3):133–136.
  21. Roth, L. et al. 1984. Giftpflanzen, Pflanzengifte. Munich: Ecomed.
  22. Tyler, V.E. 1993. The Honest Herbal, 3rd ed. Binghamton, N.Y.: Pharmaceutical Products Press. 327–329.
  23. Werbach, M.R. and M.T. Murray. 1994. Botanical Influences on Illness—A Sourcebook of Clinical Research. Tarzana, CA: Third Line Press. 199–202.
  24. Clark, J.T. 1991. Suppression of copulatory behavior in the male rats following central administration of clonidine. Neuropharmacology (U.K.) 30(4):373–382.
  25. Clark, J.T., E.R. Smith, J.M. Davidson. 1985. Testosterone is not required for the enhancement of sexual motivation by yohimbe. Physiological Behav 35(4):517–521.
  26. Davis, G.A. and R. Kohl. 1977. The influence of alpha receptors on lordosis in the female rat. Pharm Biochem Behav 6(1):47–53.
  27. Smith, E.R. and J.M. Davidson. 1990. Yohimbine attenuates aging-induced sexual deficiencies in male rats. Physiol Behav 47(4):631–634.
  28. Smith, E.R., R.L. Lee, S.L. Schnur, J.M. Davidson. 1987. Alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists and male sexual behavior: 1. Mating Behavior. Physiol Behav 41(1):7–14.
  29. Taber, C.W. 1962. Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis Company. M–59.
REFERENCES and NOTES 

Dark baggy eyes and hyper pigmentation of periorbital area.

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STRETCH MARKS - STRIAE

REF1-A lifetime of healthy skin: implications for women., Bergfeld WF., Int J Fertil Womens Med. 1999 Mar-Apr;44(2):83-95.

Pregnancy

REF2-Maia M, Marçon CR, Rodrigues SB, Aoki T., Striae distensae in pregnancy: risk factors in primiparous women,An Bras Dermatol. 2009 Dec;84(6):599-605.
REF3-Prevalence and associate factors for striae gravidarum., J-Orh R, Titapant V, Chuenwattana P, Tontisirin P., J Med Assoc Thai. 2008 Apr;91(4):445-51.

Oils and butters not working

REF4-Prevention of striae gravidarum with cocoa butter cream., Buchanan K, Fletcher HM, Reid M., Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2010 Jan;108(1):65-8.
REF5-Striae gravidarum. Folklore and fact., Madlon-Kay DJ., Arch Fam Med. 1993 May;2(5):507-11.
REF6-Cocoa butter lotion for prevention of striae gravidarum: a double-blind, randomised and placebo-controlled trial., Osman H, Usta IM, Rubeiz N, Abu-Rustum R, Charara I, Nassar AH., BJOG. 2008 Aug;115(9):1138-42.

Causes

REF7-The cause of striae distensae., Shuster S., Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockholm). 1979;59(85):161-9.

Glucocorticoid etc

REF8-Expression of estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors in recent striae distensae., Cordeiro RC, Zecchin KG, de Moraes AM., Int J Dermatol. 2010 Jan;49(1):30-2.
REF9-Striae ulceration in iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome., Sadr AH, Akhavani MA, O'Toole G., J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2010 May;63(5):e506. Epub 2009 Sep 24. 
REF10-Elastotic striae associated with striae distensae after application of very potent topical corticosteroids., Neve S, Kirtschig G., Clin Exp Dermatol. 2006 May;31(3):461-2.
REF11-Expression of estrogen, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptors in recent striae distensae., Cordeiro RC, Zecchin KG, de Moraes AM., Int J Dermatol. 2010 Jan;49(1):30-2. REF51-Hypercortisolism in pregnancy, Bednarek-Tupikowska G, Kubicka E., Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2006 Feb;20(116):232-5.

Cushing's syndrome

REF12-Striae and acne following cardiac surgery in a child., Goggin N, Enright F, Costigan C, Duff D, Oslizlok P, Wood AE, Watson R., Br J Dermatol. 1999 Apr;140(4):734-6. 
REF13-In what clinical settings should Cushing's syndrome be suspected?, Bruno OD, Juárez-Allen L, Rossi MA, Longobardi V., Medicina (B Aires). 2009;69(6):674-80. 
REF14-Diagnosis, management and therapeutic outcome in prepubertal Cushing's disease., Dias RP, Kumaran A, Chan LF, Martin L, Afshar F, Matson M, Plowman PN, Monson JP, Besser GM, Grossman AB, Savage MO, Storr HL., Eur J Endocrinol. 2010 Mar;162(3):603-9.
REF15-Cushing syndrome in a young woman due to primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease., Hackman KL, Davis AL, Curnow PA, Serpell JW, McLean CA, Topliss DJ., Endocr Pract. 2010 Jan-Feb;16(1):84-8.
REF16-A new illicit opioid dependence outbreak, evidence for a combination of opioids and steroids., Koushesh HR, Afshari R, Afshari R., Drug Chem Toxicol. 2009;32(2):114-9.
REF17-Pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy, Akush Ginekol (Sofiia). 2008;47(6):11-5. 
REF18-Screening and diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome., Castro M, Moreira AC., Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2007., Nov;51(8):1191-8.
REF19-Cushing's syndrome in women with polycystic ovaries and hyperandrogenism., Fegan PG, Sandeman DD, Krone N, Bosman D, Wood PJ, Stewart PM, Hanley NA., Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Nov;3(11):778-83.
REF20-Repeated successful induction of fertility after replacing hydrocortisone with dexamethasone in a patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and testicular adrenal rest tumors., Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Otten BJ, Sweep FC, Hermus AR., Fertil Steril. 2007 Sep;88(3):705.e5-8.
REF21-Carcinoid tumor of lung with Cushing's syndrome., Aghajanzadeh M, Alavy A, Hoda S, Mohammadi F., Arch Iran Med. 2007 Jan;10(1):94-6.
REF22-Menstrual abnormalities in a woman with ACTH-dependent pituitary macroadenoma mimicking polycystic ovary syndrome., Liao CC, Lin SY, Lin HW, Chen KH, Chang LH, Chen ST, Wang J., Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun;45(2):176-9.
REF23-Treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis using wet-wrap dressings with diluted steroids and/or emollients. An expert panel's opinion and review of the literature., Oranje AP, Devillers AC, Kunz B, Jones SL, DeRaeve L, Van Gysel D, de Waard-van der Spek FB, Grimalt R, Torrelo A, Stevens J, Harper J., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006 Nov;20(10):1277-86.

Marfan syndrome

REF24-De novo 15q21.1q21.2 deletion identified through FBN1 MLPA and refined by 244K array-CGH in a female teenager with incomplete Marfan syndrome., Faivre L, Van Kien PK, Callier P, Ruiz-Pallares N, Baudoin C, Plancke A, Wolf JE, Thauvin-Robinet C, Durand E, Minot D, Dulieu V, Metaizeau JD, Leheup B, Coron F, Bidot S, Huet F, Jondeau G, Boileau C, Claustres M, Mugneret F., Eur J Med Genet. 2010 May 14.
REF25-Clinical and molecular study of 320 children with Marfan syndrome and related type I fibrillinopathies in a series of 1009 probands with pathogenic FBN1 mutations., Faivre L, Masurel-Paulet A, Collod-Béroud G, Callewaert BL, Child AH, Stheneur C, Binquet C, Gautier E, Chevallier B, Huet F, Loeys BL, Arbustini E, Mayer K, Arslan-Kirchner M, Kiotsekoglou A, Comeglio P, Grasso M, Halliday DJ, Béroud C, Bonithon-Kopp C, Claustres M, Robinson PN, Adès L, De Backer J, Coucke P, Francke U, De Paepe A, Boileau C, Jondeau G., Pediatrics. 2009 Jan;123(1):391-8. 
REF26-Clinical features in a family with an R460H mutation in transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 gene., Law C, Bunyan D, Castle B, Day L, Simpson I, Westwood G, Keeton B., J Med Genet. 2006 Dec;43(12):908-16. 
REF27-Living with Marfan syndrome: coping with stigma., Peters K, Apse K, Blackford A, McHugh B, Michalic D, Biesecker B., Clin Genet. 2005 Jul;68(1):6-14. 
REF28-Concomitant diseases in primary joint hypermobility syndrome, Skoumal M, Haberhauer G, Mayr H., Med Klin (Munich). 2004 Oct 15;99(10):585-90.
REF29-Genetic fibrillinopathies: new insights in molecular diagnosis and clinical management., Loeys BL, Matthys DM, de Paepe AM., Acta Clin Belg. 2003 Jan-Feb;58(1):3-11.
REF30-Diastolic subclinical primary alterations in Marfan syndrome and Marfan-related disorders., Porciani MC, Giurlani L, Chelucci A, Pepe G, Giusti BH, Brunelli T, Attanasio M, Martinucci P, Fattrori R, Abbatea R, Gensini GF., Clin Cardiol. 2002 Sep;25(9):416-20.
REF31-Living with Marfan syndrome III. Quality of life and reproductive planning., Peters KF, Kong F, Hanslo M, Biesecker BB., Clin Genet. 2002 Aug;62(2):110-20. 
REF32-Strategies for prenatal and preimplantation genetic diagnosis in Marfan syndrome (MFS)., Loeys B, Nuytinck L, Van Acker P, Walraedt S, Bonduelle M, Sermon K, Hamel B, Sanchez A, Messiaen L, De Paepe A., Prenat Diagn. 2002 Jan;22(1):22-8.
REF33-Living with Marfan syndrome I. Perceptions of the condition., Peters KF, Kong F, Horne R, Francomano CA, Biesecker BB., Clin Genet. 2001 Oct;60(4):273-82. 
REF34-Fibrillin abnormalities and prognosis in Marfan syndrome and related disorders., Aoyama T, Francke U, Gasner C, Furthmayr H. Am J Med Genet. 1995 Aug 28;58(2):169-76.
REF35-White forelock in Marfan's syndrome: an unusual association, with review of the literature., Herman KL, Salman K, Rose LI., Cutis. 1991 Jul;48(1):82-4. 
REF36-Association of mitral valve prolapse and systemic abnormalities of connective tissue. A phenotypic continuum., Glesby MJ, Pyeritz RE., JAMA. 1989 Jul 28;262(4):523-8.
REF37-Pseudoxanthoma elasticum associated with Marfan syndrome, Hidano A, Nakajima S, Shimizu T, Kimata Z., Ann Dermatol Venereol. 1979 May;106(5):503-5. 
REF38-The cause of striae distensae., Shuster S., Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockholm). 1979;59(85):161-9. REF39-Striae distensae elasticae in Marfan's syndrome, Fazekas A, Szegö L, Vigváry L., Orv Hetil. 1973 Sep 3;114(38):2290-2. 
REF40-Transverse striae distensae in the lumbar area in father and two sons., McKusick VA., Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1971 Jun;7(8):260-1.
REF41-Histopathology of striae distensae, with special reference to striae and wound healing in the Marfan syndrome., Pinkus H, Keech MK, Mehregan AH., J Invest Dermatol. 1966 Mar;46(3):283-92.

Centella cream

REF42-Chemical, pharmacological and clinical profile of the East Asian medical plant Centella asiatica., Brinkhaus B, Lindner M, Schuppan D, Hahn EG., Phytomedicine. 2000 Oct;7(5):427-48. Review.
REF43-Creams for preventing stretch marks in pregnancy., Young GL, Jewell D., Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000066.
REF44-Centella asiatica (Indian pennywort), an effective therapeutic but a weak sensitizer.,Hausen BM., Contact Dermatitis. 1993 Oct;29(4):175-9.
REF45-Prophylaxis of Striae gravidarum with a topical formulation. A double blind trial., Mallol J, Belda MA, Costa D, Noval A, Sola M.,Int J Cosmet Sci. 1991 Feb;13(1):51-7.
REF46-Prophylaxis of Striae gravidarum with a topical formulation. A double blind trial. Mallol, Belda, Costa, Noval, and Sola. (1991). International Journal of Cosmetic Science 13 (13, 51-57)
REF47-Creams for preventing stretch marks in pregnancy., Young GL, Jewell D., Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2000;(2):CD000066.
REF48-Attempt of preventive treatment of striae gravidarum using preventive massage ointment administration., Wierrani F, Kozak W, Schramm W, Grünberger W., Wien Klin Wochenschr. 1992;104(2):42-4. 
REF49-Topical revitalization of body skin., Flynn TC, Coleman WP., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2000 Jul;14(4):280-4.
REF50-The impact of obesity on skin disease and epidermal permeability barrier status., Guida B, Nino M, Perrino NR, Laccetti R, Trio R, Labella S, Balato N., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010 Feb;24(2):191-5.

Puberty

REF52-Idiopathic striae atrophicae of puberty., Feldman K, Smith WG., CMAJ. 2007 Mar 27;176(7):929-31.
REF53-Vitiligo appearing in striae distensae as a Koebner phenomenon., Iftikhar N, Rahman A, Janjua SA., J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2009 Dec;19(12):796-7.
REF54-Clinical features and risk factors for striae distensae in Korean adolescents., Cho S, Park ES, Lee DH, Li K, Chung JH., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006 Oct;20(9):1108-13.
REF55-Somatic puberty development in girls., Largo RH, Prader A., Monatsschr Kinderheilkd. 1987 Aug;135(8):479-84.
REF56-Growth impairment due to transient hypercortisolism., Armour K, Chalew S, Kowarski AA., Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenhagen)., 1986;279:24-8. 
REF57-Development of striae and incidence of varicosities in women., Mauss HJ., Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 1972 Nov;32(11):990-3.
REF58-Mast cell degranulation and elastolysis in the early stage of striae distensae., Sheu HM, Yu HS, Chang CH., J Cutan Pathol. 1991 Dec;18(6):410-6.
REF76-Parkes Weber F., Idiopathic striae atrophicae of puberty., Lancet 1935;ii:885-6.
REF77-Ammar NM, Rao B, Schwartz RA, et al. Adolescent striae., Cutis 2000;65:69-70. 
REF78-Nigam PK., Striae cutis distensae., Int J Dermatol 1989;28:426-8.

Steroid

REF59-The unusually large striae distensae all over the body., Rotsztejn H, Juchniewicz B, Nadolski M, Wendorff J, Kamer B., Cosmetology Departament, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland., Adv Med Sci. 2010 May 3:1-3. 
REF79-Side-effects of topical androgenic and anabolic substances and steroids., Wollina U, Pabst F, Schönlebe J, Abdel-Naser MB, Konrad H, Gruner M, Haroske G, Klemm E, Schreiber G., Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Panonica Adriat. 2007 Sep;16(3):117-22.
REF80-Gym and tonic: a profile of 100 male steroid users., Evans NA., Br J Sports Med. 1997 Mar;31(1):54-8. 
REF81-Effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids on the pilosebaceous unit., Scott MJ 3rd, Scott AM., Cutis. 1992 Aug;50(2):113-6.
REF82-STRIAE AND THEIR RELATION TO TOPICAL STEROID THERAPY., ADAM JE, CRAIG G., Can Med Assoc J., 1965 Feb 6;92:289-91.

Pregnancy

REF60-Striae gravidarum in primiparae., Atwal GS, Manku LK, Griffiths CE, Polson DW., Br J Dermatol. 2006 Nov;155(5):965-9
REF61- Striae gravidarum: associated factors., Ghasemi A, Gorouhi F, Rashighi-Firoozabadi M, Jafarian S, Firooz A., J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2007 Jul;21(6):743-6. 
REF62-Striae gravidarum in primiparae., Atwal GS, Manku LK, Griffiths CE, Polson DW., Br J Dermatol. 2006 Nov;155(5):965-9

Age in pregnancy

REF68-Cambazard F, Michel JL. Striae. In: Harper J, Oranje A, Prose N. Textbook of Pediatric Dermatology. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell; 2006:1689-95.
REF69-Viennet C, Bride J, Armbruster V, Aubin F, Gabiot AC, Gharbi T, et al. Contractile forces generated by striae distensae fibroblasts embedded in collagen lattices. Arch Dermatol Res. 2005;297:10-17.
REF70-Henry F, Franchimont CP, Pans A, Piérard GE., Striae distensae of pregnancy., An in vivo biomechanical evaluation. Int J Dermatol. 1997;36:506-8.
REF71-Chang AL, Agredano YZ, Kimball AB., Risk factors associated with striae gravidarum., J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004;51:881-5.
REF72-Seibold JR, Korn JH, Simms R, Clements PJ, Moreland LW, Mayes MD, et al., Recombinant Human Relaxin in the Treatment of Scleroderma: a Randomized, Double- Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial., Ann Intern Med. 2000;132:871-9. 
Lernia DV, Bonci AMD, Cattania M, et al., Striae distensae (rubrae) in monozygotic twins., Ped Dermatol. 2001;18:261-4.
REF73-Davey CMH., Factors associated with the occurrence of striae gravidarum., J Obstet Gynaecol. 1972;79:1113-14.
REF74-Lawley TJ, Yancey KB., Skin Changes and Diseases in Pregnancy., Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine., 5th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill; 1999. p.1963-5. 
REF75-Muzaffar F, Hussain I, Haroon TS., Physiologic skin changes during pregnancy: a study of 140 cases., Int J Dermatol. 1998;37:429-31.

Relaxin

REF63-Association of serum relaxin with striae gravidarum in pregnant women., Lurie S, Matas Z, Fux A, Golan A, Sadan O., Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2010 Jan 3.
REF64-Normal Serum Relaxin in Women with Disabling Pelvic Pain During Pregnancy., Petersen LK, Hvidman L, Uldbjerg N., Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1994;38(1):21-3. 
REF65-Björklund K, Bergström S, Nordström ML, Ulmsten U.,Symphyseal Distention in Relation to Serum Relaxin Levels and Pelvic Pain in Pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2000 Apr;79(4):269-75.
REF66-Hansen A, Jensen DV, Larsen E, Wilken-Jensen C, Petersen LK., Relaxin is not related to symptom-giving pelvic girdle relaxation in pregnant women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1996 Mar;75(3):245-9.
REF67-Circulating levels of relaxin are normal in pregnant women with pelvic pain. Albert H, Godskesen M, Westergaard JG, Chard T, Gunn L., Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1997 Jul;74(1):19-22.

Retenoid cream

REF76-Topical tretinoin 0.1% for pregnancy-related abdominal striae: an open-label, multicenter, prospective study., Rangel O, Arias I, García E, Lopez-Padilla S., Adv Ther. 2001 Jul-Aug;18(4):181-6.
REF77-Low-dose tretinoin does not improve striae distensae: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study., Pribanich S, Simpson FG, Held B, Yarbrough CL, White SN., Cutis. 1994 Aug;54(2):121-4.

Collagen

REF83-Induction of collagenolytic and proteolytic activities by anti-inflammatoes this by inhibiting collagen formation, decreasing amino acid uptake by muscle, and inhibiting protein synthesis. Houck JC, Sharma VK, Patel YM, Gladner JA. + Sites of Hormonal Regulation of Protein Metabolism. p. 229”, Mammalian Protein., Manchester, K. L. (Munro, H.N., Ed.). Academic Press, New York.p 273. 
REF84-Striae: morphological aspects of connective tissue., Pieraggi MT, Julian M, Delmas M, Bouissou H., Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histol. 1982 Aug;396(3):279-89.

Supplements

REF85-Striae gravidarum: folklore and fact., Levin WM., Arch Fam Med. 1995 Feb;4(2):98.

 
herbal products kruie produkte suid afrika

Articles of interest

Ageless herbal product range

Our Ageless herbal product range

Skin care

  • Healing cream
    • To assist in wound healing while soothing skin complaints – such as eczema and psoriasis, acne and piles and moisturizing and protecting the skin. This product has shown its effectiveness over a wide range of problems and judging from sales over more than a decade – it is the trusted healing cream to help with all mishaps, allergic reactions, irritated, burning, itchy and uncomfortable skin conditions.
  • Face wash
    • This face wash will properly clean your face and remove all impurities and environmental pollutants, without drying the skin. It contains eight herbal extracts to help promote a clear, vital and healthy complexion and a younger looking skin.
  • Moisturizing day cream
    • This day cream is formulated to help fight the signs of aging on various fronts. It helps to reduce free radical damage which, if left unchecked, leads to premature aging. The herbal extracts help to promote cell rejuvenation and regeneration and provide moisture and hydration to the skin.
  • Nourishing night cream
    • This nourishing night cream penetrates the skin extremely well and does not make the skin feel oily. It contains a host of herbal extracts to help in the fight against premature aging and has added vitamin E as well. Apart from the moisturizing effect and the anti-aging properties it also softens and smoothes the skin.
  • Eye gel
    • An effective refreshing eye gel to help reduce puffiness and dark rings around the eyes, while fighting wrinkles and lines. This is a very clever combination of herbal extracts and the base formula has its roots in a clinically proven formula.
  • Mud face mask
    • With this skin treatment product we combined a special selection of herbs in a base of thermal mud with oligoelements. This recommended weekly treatment will boost circulation to the skin, help to fight wrinkles and lines, improve firmness while at the same time improving suppleness and elasticity of the skin.
  • After shave balm
    • This effective balm helps to relieve an irritated skin caused by shaving. Not only is it a soothing balm, but the herbal extracts actively work to increase hydration and moisturize the skin to help fight the signs of premature aging – and all of this done in one simple no-fuss balm.

 

Hair care

  • Shampoo with rosemary extract + 7 other herbals
    • Our shampoo is in a class of its own – and granted – it is far more expensive than cheap supermarket shampoos, but no other shampoo has the active ingredients we have in our shampoo. The rosemary will boost the health of the hair and scalp, while the other seven herbal extracts will help strengthen the hair and make it shine, increase the volume and make it manageable.
  • Rosemary hair treatment conditioner
    • We have found that this hair conditioner should really be used as a conditioning treatment. This then removes the need to condition the hair every time you wash – and can be used once a month. It is a superb hair tonic and helps in the control of sebum secretion of the scalp. Although not formulated for dandruff – the ingredients will assist with this as well, while supporting the health of the scalp.

 

Specialized herbal gels and lotions

  • Hand and body lotion
    • When formulating this hand and body lotion we created a rich nourishing, protecting and reviving lotion, which will not leave the skin oily or tacky, but will create a well moisturized, hydrated and supple skin. After applying this lotion it will quickly be absorbed by the skin, leaving it silky soft, smooth and well moisturized.
  • Stretch mark gel
    • Although nothing can remove already formed stretch marks (only surgery can do that) – thousands of satisfied clients confirm that this gel improves the appearance of old stretch marks. The gel will help in PREVENTING stretch marks (a 92% success rate) and is used with great success by expectant mothers and body builders who may form marks when bulking-up. The formula of this gel is based on clinical studies done in France, to which we added other herbal extracts.
  • Cellulite gel
    • Fighting cellulite is easy with this herbal cellulite gel. It contains a patented extract of Bayberry (Myriceline) and nine other plant extracts and essential oils. The gel will help to get rid of cellulite (which has been clinically proven) and will also help to prevent cellulite from forming. So now it is easy to get your soft body contours back again.

 

Herbal supplements

  • Apple cider vinegar (liquid) with Centella asiatica
    • The health benefits of apple cider vinegar are combined with the therapeutic properties of Centella asiatica. This old folk remedy is still used with great effect by thousands of people daily.
  • Apricot kernel capsules
    • Our capsules contain natural apricot kernels combined with Resveratrol, Selenium, Grape Seed Extract, MSM, Vitamin C and Bioperine and offers a safe and non-toxic of supplementing with apricot kernels.
  • Digest capsules
    • If your digestive system is under-par and you struggle with constipation or you simply need to boost the health of your digestive system then this capsule is for you. Fenugreek is a general digestive tonic and psyllium is a magical bulking agent that will help proper bowel movements, without using a laxative.
  • Detox capsules
    • Our modern day lifestyle exposes us to many unwanted additive and our diet also places stress on the body. To help the body get rid of toxins and waste materials naturally we combined fennel, basil, celery and parsley to help the body remove these toxins. It peps-up your metabolism and helps the bladder, kidneys and liver to do their work more effectively.
  • Urinary and bladder health capsules
    • Using an all natural approach, our capsules will help the discomfort and burning urine sensation of urinary tract infection and help clear up foul smelling urine. We combined cranberry, dandelion, uva ursi and vitamin C in a single capsule to effectively fight bladder infections and to stop the burning sensation when urinating.
  • Tri- Mushroom blend capsules
    • If you need an immune system boost then have a look at our combination of maitake, reishi and shiitake mushrooms. These mushrooms have showed to be a great help in boosting the immune system – and form a good nutritional supplement support for HIV/Aids patients and people receiving chemotherapy. Any person with even a slightly compromised immune system may benefit from this supplement.
  • Hoodia slimming capsules
    • Many companies offer hoodia capsules – but most of the time these supplements do not contain the real thing. We use CERTIFIED hoodia in our capsules and is combined with chromium to make it more effective to help lose weight. P57 is the active ingredient in hoodia and some people find it an effective appetite suppressant – without any side effects.
  • Olive leaf extract capsules
    • This natural detoxifier helps with a variety of ailments and people with chronic fatigue syndrome, infections, glandular fever (Epstein Barr), and even candida and herpes have found it of value. Olive leaf extract helps to fight bacteria, viruses, retroviruses, and protozoa and yeast strains. Apart from fighting all of these problems it also helps to improve kidney function and fights free radicals.
  • Sexual supplement (previously known as Vuka Nkuzi)
    • Men normally don’t admit when they have a declining libido although it is a most common problem. We combine in this supplement seven different natural ingredients to boost sexual health – without any side effects often experienced with such medication. After more than a decade, and thousands of regular Vuka Nkuzi clients we still offer this well priced supplement to boost the libido.

 

Other products

  • Jojoba oil
    • This liquid golden ester not only moisturizes and penetrates the skin but also helps to fight wrinkles and lines while promoting a clear and unblemished skin. Jojoba does not clog the pores but helps to restore skin elasticity and smoothness. It will leave the skin supple and velvety soft without any oiliness and can be used neat on the skin.
  • Lavender oil
    • This is the most popular essential oil and with good reason. Lavender oil is a superb product to use on burns, insect bites, sunburn, wounds and other skin complaints and irritations. Lavender oil is one of the few essential oils that can be used neat (not diluted) on the skin, and is great to help with regeneration and rejuvenation of skin cells. Emotionally it has a calming and soothing effect and is an exceptionally pleasant smelling oil.
  • Tea tree oil
    • Once used, you will always have a bottle of tea tree essential oil handy. It deals effectively with bacteria, fungi and viruses. Our oil surpasses the “Australian Standard” by having less than 15% 1,8 cineole and more than 30% of Terpinen-4-ol. This powerful essential oil is effective in various ways to fight infections and skin problems.
  • Almond oil
    • This light and deeply moisturizing oil has a softening effect on the skin and can be used on the face and body. Almond oil has excellent emollient properties and helps to balance water and moisture loss in the skin. It can be used neat on the skin and also makes an excellent massage base.

Herbal information

Herbal encyclopedia

Different uses of medicinal herbs

Explanation of the therapeutic properties of herbs

List of ailments and herbs that may be useful


Information on individual herbs